Tag Archives: style

Anamnesis

Anamnesis (an’-am-nee’-sis): Calling to memory past matters. More specifically, citing a past author [apparently] from memory.  Anamnesis helps to establish ethos [credibility], since it conveys the idea that the speaker is knowledgeable of the received wisdom from the past.

It was John Adams who said “Facts are stubborn things.” Following in Adams’s footsteps, but swerving a little off course as he did from time to time, Ronald Reagan once said, “Facts are stupid things.” At least they both agreed that facts are things–whether they’re stubborn or stupid, or neither, or both, there’s no doubt that the facts of the matter must be taken into account, no matter how much one would wish they did not exist.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Gorgias has inserted the bracketed words [apparently] and [credibility].

Quotation from “The Quotations Page” (quotationspage.com)

Anadiplosis

Anadiplosis (an’-a-di-plo’-sis): The repetition of the last word (or phrase) from the previous line, clause, or sentence at the beginning of the next. Often combined with climax.

If you can’t handle the uncertainty, uncertainty may cause you to panic, panic may cause you to act without reason, and acting without reason, you have no reason to act, aside from your uncertainty!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Paralipsis

Paralipsis (par-a-lip’-sis): Stating and drawing attention to something in the very act of pretending to pass it over (see also cataphasis). A kind of irony.

On a day like this, at a gathering such as this, it would be totally inappropriate to mention our esteemed office manager’s creative accounting practices, his crafty habit of “rescuing” our lunches from the refrigerator in the copy room, and his marvelous capacity for taking credit for nearly every good thing that happens around here, when, in fact, he can’t even turn on his own computer!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Cataphasis

Cataphasis (kat-af’-a-sis): A kind of paralipsis in which one explicitly affirms the negative qualities that one then passes over.

I’m not going to talk about all the pain you’ve caused–the people you’ve exploited and treated like trash–the squandered retirement funds and the bogus stock deals. Instead, I’m going to talk about ethical business practices, following the law, and my firm’s absolute commitment to both.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Correctio

Correctio (cor-rec’-ti-o): The amending of a term or phrase just employed; or, a further specifying of meaning, especially by indicating what something is not (which may occur either before or after the term or phrase used). A kind of redefinition, often employed as a parenthesis (an interruption) or as a climax.

This is not about playing by the rules, being fair, or being nice. It’s about winning–winning today, winning tomorrow, winning every time we show up, suit up, and head out that door. Let’s go!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Antanagoge

Antanagoge (an’-ta-na’-go-gee): Putting a positive spin on something that is nevertheless acknowledged to be negative or difficult.

As we undertake our search for wisdom, know that we may be scorned by strangers, forgotten by our friends, and lost to our families. But once gained, our wisdom will carry us back to public life, partnerships, and intimacies better equipped to cope with the uncertainties of being-together that, under wisdom’s watch, are transformed from fears into hopes, and hopes into actions that will leave us little to regret.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Asyndeton

Asyndeton (a-syn’-de-ton): The omission of conjunctions between clauses, often resulting in a hurried rhythm or vehement effect. [Compare brachylogia. Opposite of polysyndeton.]

She found it, picked it up, threw it at the wall, broke it. What a relief! It was like waking up from a bad dream.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Bracketed text added by Gorgias.

Epistrophe

Epistrophe (e-pis’-tro-fee): Ending a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words.

The real estate market is tanking. My stock portfolio is tanking. The economy is tanking. What am I going to do?

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Epanorthosis

Epanorthosis (ep-an-or-tho’-sis): Amending a first thought by altering it to make it stronger or more vehement.

The more they try to make us look bad, the more we should try to make them look bad–no–pathologically evil–a threat to the existence of our way of life, our core values, and the safety of the people we love!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Synonymia

Synonymia (si-no-ni’-mi-a): In general, the use of several synonyms together to amplify or explain a given subject or term. A kind of repetition that adds emotional force or intellectual clarity. Synonymia often occurs in parallel fashion. The Latin synonym, interpretatio, suggests the expository and rational nature of this figure, while another Greek synonym, congeries, suggests the emotive possibilities of this figure.

This day is sad, unhappy, without joy–without the bright lightning flashes of laughter that often lit our stormy lives–she is gone, she is done, she is ended, and we are left here together to fill this time together with words of rememberance sent from deep within ourselves–to summon her bold loving spirit to our time of grief and longing as we begin to learn to live without her without forgetting, without cutting the threads of friendship she wound around our lives.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Allegory

Allegory (al’-le-go-ry): A sustained metaphor continued through whole sentences or even through a whole discourse.

Once upon a time there was a grand kingdom of learning perched high on a hill with a quiet glen cut through its midst. The kingdom’s well-kept environs consisted of the Way of Mortin, lush quadrangles surrounded by oak trees and blanketed with grass, wide playing fields, a Center to visit to stay physically fit, a Commons whereat to take meals, a Small Pub for the quaffing of fine beverages and the quenching of thirsts, many many-windowed living quarters, a Royal Palace, well-lit comfortable sriptoria, a well-stocked library, and grand ramparts of native rock, turrets of crystalline glass, mortar vaults, and shining tall metallic structures where the kingdom’s learned mentors gathered in their ranks–the Assistants, the Associates, and the Full Total Wizards–where they met their youthful charges in chambers of education fitted with grand portals open to capture the fleet herds of Wisdom galloping over the broad-banded byways of the Queen’s Superhighway–an invisible toll road rumored to have been credited by Albert the Gorer to himself; binding all the kingdom’s inhabitants together in its mystical, and somewhat fickle, embrace.

The kingdom daily celebrated MacIntosh the Conqueror who made the Queen’s Superhighway quick to travel and who provided intrepid mice to guide all Wisdom Hunters–intrepid mice perched as brave navigators on the palms of Wisdom Hunters’ hands as they sought advice by way of Word-Keys from the Great Oracle Google (GOG) so as to unerringly target, capture, and claim specific Truths from Wisdom’s infinite herds.

And this grand kingdom of learning was known as Hamilot. And all was well at Hamilot until that fateful day . . .

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Anaphora

Anaphora (an-aph’-o-ra): Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines.

I love my daughter. I love my wife. I love my job. I love my life.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Litotes

Litotes (li-to’-tees): Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite. The Ad Herennium author suggests litotes as a means of expressing modesty (downplaying one’s accomplishments) in order to gain the audience’s favor (establishing ethos).

Finding your kitten was no big deal, and driving 20 miles out of my way to bring him home to you was the least I could do.  I can’t imagine you offering me a reward!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Antanaclasis

Antanaclasis (an’-ta-na-cla’-sis): The repetition of a word or phrase whose meaning changes in the second instance.

There isn’t much room, but at least I finally have my own room!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Charientismus

Charientismus (kar-i-en-tia’-mus): Mollifying harsh words by answering them with a smooth and appeasing mock.

Hey–stop barking or I may bark right back at you!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Antimetabole

Antimetabole (an’-ti-me-ta’-bo-lee): Repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order.

Hope to liveLive to hope!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Heterogenium

Heterogenium (he’-ter-o-gen’-i-um): Avoiding an issue by changing the subject to something different. Sometimes considered a vice.

You want to know why I forgot your birthday? That’s not the right question. The right question is: Who ran over my golf clubs in the driveway? They’re destroyed!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Aporia

Aporia (a-po’-ri-a): Deliberating with oneself as though in doubt over some matter; asking oneself (or rhetorically asking one’s hearers) what is the best or appropriate way to approach something [=diaporesis].

What should I do with my lottery winnings? Buy real estate? Invest in a mutual fund? The money market? Bonds? Gold? Buy more lottery tickets? Ah! Here’s a plan: buy my mother the poodle she’s always wanted, hire a financial advisor, and then go to a Red Sox game! No. Not good. Let’s see, maybe I should . . . ?

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Bracketed text added by Gorgias.

Bomphiologia

Bomphiologia (bom-phi-o-lo’-gi-a): Exaggeration done in a self-aggrandizing manner, as a braggart.

I am so cool that I can make it snow in Florida on the Fourth of July! Goodbye global warming–Mr. Ice is on the planet!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Cataplexis

Cataplexis (kat-a-pleex’-is): Threatening or prophesying payback for ill doing.

You think you will be vindicated by history, but your pettiness, stubbornness, and complete lack of foresight will make your name synonymous with incompetence until the end of time!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Paronomasia

Paronomasia (pa-ro-no-ma’-si-a): Using words that sound alike but that differ in meaning (punning).

Fashion maven to police officer: “That Taser you’re wearing is a stunning piece of equipment.”

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Adynaton

Adynaton (a-dyn’-a-ton): A declaration of impossibility, usually in terms of an exaggerated comparison. Sometimes, the expression of the impossibility of expression.

You have as much of a chance of changing his mind about buying a motorcycle as a cinder block has of doing your income taxes!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Deesis

Deesis (de’-e-sis) An adjuration (solemn oath) or calling to witness; or, the vehement expression of desire put in terms of “for someone’s sake” or “for God’s sake.”

Please, for the sake of the children–for God’s sake–stop driving like a maniac! Slow down!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Epimone

Epimone (e-pi’-mo-nee): Persistent repitition of the same plea in much the same words.

You promised to pay me back two days ago. Give me the money now. I trusted you. Pay me back now. I want my money! Pay me!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Climax

Climax (cli’-max): Generally, the arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance, often in parallel structure.

Every person, every city, every state, and every nation is a facet of the same shining gem–circling the sun in numbered orbits–circling toward the end.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)