Tag Archives: figures of speech

Prodiorthosis

Prodiorthosis (pro-di-or-tho’-sis): A statement intended to prepare one’s audience for something shocking or offensive. An extreme example of protherapeia.

I thank you for coming here today.  You all know why you’re here. Nevertheless, I want to remind you, what you’re about hear and see is explicit, vivid, gruesome, and heartbreaking. It will make some of you sick, again. It will make some of you cry, again. It will outrage some of you, again. But, again, and again, and again, this experience will deepen our conviction, and it will strengthen our voices as we ground what we speak in the sights and sounds of this presentation, again, and again, and again, until the pundits and the powerful and the politically anointed come to their senses and support our cause.

Ok? Nobody? All right, here we go.

“While you’re sitting comfortably in suburbia sipping your piña colada by the pool and trying to decide which color BMW to buy your daughter for college, or when you’re roosting up in your rooftop condo counting your blessings as you gloat with your broker, counting the whopping profit you just made, somewhere else . . .”

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Apodixis

Apodixis (a-po-dix’-is): Proving a statement by referring to common knowledge or general experience.

What? I did not try to run your mother over with my lawn tractor yesterday. The grass was wet and she was running in front of it when she slipped and fell.  It was broad daylight.  The whole family was watching, laughing, and cheering her on. Do you really think I would run over my beloved mother-in-law on purpose, on the lawn, right there in front of everybody? My God, she’s your mother!

Come on dear, cheer up–let’s put those burgers on the grill and have another gin and tonic. What’s done is done. May she rest in peace.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Orcos

Orcos (or’-kos): Swearing that a statement is true.

I swear, I won’t release any more NSA secrets. I want to stay in Москва, drink Шуба, eat Шуба, and Барыня ты моя, сударыня ты моя all night long! Anyway, I’ve run out of clean socks and underwear, it’s too hot in Bolivia, and I miss my mommy.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Aschematiston

Aschematiston: The use of plain, unadorned or unornamented language. Or, the unskilled use of figurative language. A vice. [Outside of any particular context of use or sense of its motive, it may be difficult to determine what’s “plain, unadorned or unornamented language.” The same is true of the “unskilled use of figurative language.”]

1. I am going to school now.

2. I’m flying to the learn-house before the tick goes tock!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Bracketed text added by Gorgias.

Dicaeologia

Dicaeologia (di-kay-o-lo’-gi-a): Admitting what’s charged against one, but excusing it by necessity.

A: Did you take my duct tape from the garage?

B: Yes, but I was forced to do it by Bob Vila’s insane brother Tooly.  I had no choice. He threatened me with a Ryobi 4.5 inch barrel grip angle grinder. It was cordless. I couldn’t just run away. He said he was desperate–that he needed the duct tape because his life was coming apart and the duct tape would temporarily hold it together until he was able to get to Ace Hardware and steal 12  Bessey Classix, 12″ x 4-3/4″ Bar Clamps with Heavy Duty Pad, Model GSL30; 1 gallon of Loctite® Vinyl, Fabric & Plastic Flexible Adhesive; and 2 ten-packs of Keeper® Ultra Bungee Cords.

A: Well, that settles it. Pack your tools honey. It’s time for you to move out of this old house for awhile.  I’ll drive you to Home Depot’s “Center for the Treatment of  DYI Addiction” & you’ll get better before you can say “BLUE MAX 18-inch 45cc Chainsaw!”

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Apostrophe

Apostrophe (a-pos’-tro-phe): Turning one’s speech from one audience to another. Most often, apostrophe occurs when one addresses oneself to an abstraction, to an inanimate object, or to the absent.

War!

The destruction, the mayhem, the hatred, the violence, the brutality, the killing, the stench.

War!  You incinerate my hope. You nourish my fear.

War! You are the spawn of Eden. You are the Father of nations.

War! You engender solidarity. You slaughter the flock.

People, must we have enemies in order that we be friends?

War says “Yes!” Peace says “No!” History says “Yes and No.”

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Alleotheta

Alleotheta (al-le-o-the’-ta): Substitution of one case, gender, mood, number, tense, or person for another. Synonymous with enallage. [Some rhetoricians claim that alleotheta is a] general category that includes antiptosis [(a type of enallage in which one grammatical case is substituted for another)] and all forms of enallage [(the substitution of grammatically different but semantically equivalent constructions)].

What is you? What is me? What is we? When my plane takes off tomorrow we is gone, and we is free. So long!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Bracketed text added by Gorgias.

Enallage

Enallage (e-nal’-la-ge): The substitution of grammatically different but semantically equivalent constructions.

When the buzz on the street says the future price of honey’s not sweet and there’s a strong likelihood he’ll be stung by a major market correction, alas, the worried beekeeper must sadly ask:

To be a beekeeper or not to be a beekeeper?

And in his anguish, he may cry out again:

Not to be a beekeeper or to be a beekeeper?

We hope that for the time being, for the bees’ sake, he decides to keep being a beekeeper, keep his bees, and be ready to go back to business as usual when the price of honey rebounds.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Synonymia

Synonymia (si-no-ni’-mi-a): In general, the use of several synonyms together to amplify or explain a given subject or term. A kind of repetition that adds emotional force or intellectual clarity. Synonymia often occurs in parallel fashion. The Latin synonym, interpretatio, suggests the expository and rational nature of this figure, while another Greek synonym, congeries, suggests the emotive possibilities of this figure.

Death Valley: Curtains Coulee, Grim Reaper Glen, Termination Trough, Necrosis Notch.

A Hell Hole by any other name will still kill you.

Don’t be found dead out there wearing a Weather Channel t-shirt with a blown out thermometer clutched in the skeleton of your hand.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Tricolon

Tricolon (tri-co-lon): Three parallel elements of the same length occurring together in a series.

You marry.  You divorce.  You pay.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Antisthecon

Antisthecon (an-tis’-the-con): Substitution of one sound, syllable, or letter for another within a word. A kind of metaplasm: the general term for changes to word spelling.

My dental hygenist calls himself a “Placksmith.”

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Abating

Abating: English term for anesis: adding a concluding sentence that diminishes the effect of what has been said previously. The opposite of epitasis (the addition of a concluding sentence that merely emphasizes what has already been stated. A kind of amplification).

Your new BMW is fantastic! German engineering! Top speed 150 MPH! Was blue the only color available?

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Catacosmesis

Catacosmesis (kat-a-kos-mees’-is): Ordering words from greatest to least in dignity, or in correct order of time.

Three steps you can take to protect yourself from on-line spying: 1. Voltage SecureMail Cloud Standard ($99.00), 2. Disconnect from the Internet, 3. Die.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Mesozeugma

Mesozeugma (me’-so-zyoog’-ma): A zeugma in which one places a common verb for many subjects in the middle of a construction.

Neither rising tides nor shrinking icecaps could convince him; neither porpoises in his living room nor sweating penguins.

The last time I saw him he was watching the Fox News Channel, sunburned in his underwear, on the deck of NOAA’s Ark.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Paralipsis

Paralipsis (par-a-lip’-sis): Stating and drawing attention to something in the very act of pretending to pass it over (see also cataphasis). A kind of irony.

I can’t tell you exactly where Edward Snowden is hiding, but Warwick House, 12th floor, Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road, Island East has a big welcome mat that says “Hæli Fyrir Eddy” on it!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Adynaton

Adynaton (a-dyn’-a-ton): A declaration of impossibility, usually in terms of an exaggerated comparison. Sometimes, the expression of the impossibility of expression.

There is no way the crisis in Syria is going to have a happy ending–it’s like expecting to find maple syrup on Mars!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Heterogenium

Heterogenium (he’-ter-o-gen-i-um): Avoiding an issue by changing the subject to something different. Sometimes considered a vice.

Friend: Well Mark, it looks like Facebook took an about face for the US government and turned its back on my privacy!

Mark: Well, there’s privacy and then there’s privacy, and, on that note I’d like to make something  public right here and right now! Priscilla lost five pounds on the Facebook weight-loss program!

Friend: Weight-loss program?

Mark: Yes, that’s right! It’s an exciting new Facebook feature that is rolling out next week. We’re calling it “Friend your way to a new figure!”

Friend: Wow! I can hardly wait to tell my all my friends!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Apagoresis

Apagoresis (a-pa-gor’-e-sis): A statement designed to inhibit someone from doing something. Often uses exaggeration [or hyperbole] to persuade. It may combine an exaggeration with a cause/effect or antecedent/consequence relationship. The consequences or effects of such a phrase are usually exaggerated to be more convincing.

The next time you order sushi, I’m going to slap you in the face with a mackerel and stuff wasabi up your nose.

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Definitions courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Bracketed text added by Gorgias.

Ellipsis

Ellipsis (el-lip’-sis): Omission of a word or short phrase easily understood in context.

I woke up in a used crib at the Salvation Army Family Thrift Store. All tucked in. 66 years old. Cold. For sale. I started crying. She called me “Ootsie Wootsie” and hit me with a lamp.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Thaumasmus

Thaumasmus (thau-mas’-mus): To marvel at something rather than to state it in a matter of fact way.

Huh? What? OMG! No way! Am I dreaming? It can’t be! There must be LSD in my MU TEA! You actually got me a Father’s Day card? You used your own money? I need to sit down. Call 911. Ha! Ha! Just kidding! Call CNN.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Paromologia

Paromologia (par-o-mo-lo’-gi-a): Conceding an argument, either jestingly and contemptuously, or to prove a more important point. A synonym for concessio.

Yes, you’re right! NSA: Big Bad Big Brother. Yes, that’s right, big enough and bad enough to keep you and your loved ones out of harm’s way! You should be grateful.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Articulus

Articulus (ar-tic’-u-lus): Roughly equivalent to “phrase” in English, except that the emphasis is on joining several phrases (or words) successively without any conjunctions (in which case articulus is simply synonymous with the Greek term asyndeton). See also brachylogia.

Articulus is also best understood in terms of differing speeds of style that depend upon the length of the elements of a sentence. The Ad Herennium author contrasts the the slower speed of concatenated membra (see membrum) to the quicker speed possible via articulus.

Building collapses, phones tapped, Putin divorces, thousands protest, 30 lashes, new Android, Toronto’s mayor, 165 kidnapped, Bible’s comeback, Fake farm, Koreas agree, Teacher found, Afghan anger, Dresden braces, London stabbing, radioactive leak, giant cats.

Sound familiar?

It’s the news!

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Definition and commentary courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Comprobatio

Comprobatio (com-pro-ba’-ti-o): Approving and commending a virtue, especially in the hearers.

For the past 35 years you have acted within, and not over, the call of duty. We are neither glad nor sad to see you go. However, it is expected by somebody more important than me that I present you with this dishwasher safe coffee mug inscribed with our corporate motto: “Good Enough is Good Enough.” Thank you for being compliant, courteous, and not a problem. Don’t miss your bus!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Prozeugma

Prozeugma (pro-zoog’-ma): A series of clauses in which the verb employed in the first is elided (and thus implied) in the others.

Spring is up north somewhere. Summer, right here in my little yard! Fall, somewhere in the southern hemisphere. Winter, hanging out in Melbourne’s outskirts, freezing kangaroos.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Accismus

Accismus (ak-iz’-mus): A feigned refusal of that which is earnestly desired.

What? A poodle for Father’s Day? My rêve come true! He must’ve cost a bundle. I can’t let you do this! You’re too generous. Let’s name him Rousseau! Should we have him neutered? Can I take him for a walk?

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)