Tag Archives: examples

Amphibologia

Amphibologia (am’-fi-bo-lo’-gi-a): Ambiguity of grammatical structure, often occasioned by mispunctuation. [A vice of ambiguity.]

I surprised my wife in my new underpants. She was watching TV and I paraded in–the underpants had just arrived from Duluth Trading Post via FEDEX and I wanted to show them off! I couldn’t wait.

Like I said, she was surprised!

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Bracketed text added by Gorgias.

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Ampliatio

Ampliatio (am’-pli-a’-ti-o): Using the name of something or someone before it has obtained that name or after the reason for that name has ceased. A form of epitheton.

(1) Hello Doctor!

Six more months and you’ll be official! Wishing you luck with the remainder of your studies! As your father, I want to be your first official patient! Nothing serious–just a physical examination!

(2) Hey Speedy!

I think it’s a great idea that you’ve decided to start an aggressive diet and exercise program! Lose 100 pounds and you’ll be back at the head of the pack–like you were in high school. The way you ran the 50-yard dash–wow! You certainly earned your nickname back in the day!

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Anacoenosis

Anacoenosis (an’-a-ko-en-os’-is): Asking the opinion or judgment of the judges or audience, usually implying their common interest with the speaker in the matter [and illustrating their communally-held ideals of truth, justice, goodness and beauty, for better and for worse].

How far should we go as we condemn our enemies? Should we threaten to kill them? Should we see justice done?

We all agree that our enemies are dangerous and pose a threat to our way of life, and the lives of many innocent victims: men and women who just want to live their lives in peace.

Time is of the essence. We should make our choice before it is too late.

We must bomb them in their strongholds–especially in the rugged hills where they gather in caves and tunnels and plan their next attack or construct their IEDs.

Who would object? None of us would object. The die is cast. We will bomb their strongholds tomorrow at 04.00. We will eliminate the threat they pose. We will help our allies live better lives.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Bracketed test added by Gorgias.

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Anacoloutha

Anacoloutha (an-a-co’-lu-tha): Substituting one word with another whose meaning is very close to the original, but in a non-reciprocal fashion; that is, one could not use the first, original word as a substitute for the second. This is the opposite of acoloutha.

The night sky was lit with a multitude of shining stars. The glimmering points made a tapestry of the dark clear heavens and sent an irresistible invitation to look up and be awed.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Anacoluthon

Anacoluthon (an-a-co-lu’-thon): A grammatical interruption or lack of implied sequence within a sentence. That is, beginning a sentence in a way that implies a certain logical resolution, but concluding it differently than the grammar leads one to expect. Anacoluthon can be either a grammatical fault or a stylistic virtue, depending on its use. In either case, it is an interruption or a verbal lack of symmetry. Anacoluthon is characteristic of spoken language or interior thought, and thus suggests those domains when it occurs in writing.

That bomb was huge–bigger than huge: gargantuan and don’t get a stiff neck looking at your iPhone!

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

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Anadiplosis

Anadiplosis (an’-a-di-plo’-sis): The repetition of the last word (or phrase) from the previous line, clause, or sentence at the beginning of the next. Often combined with climax.

Spring is starting here. Here, the grass is turning green once more. Once more, the little flowers are blooming. Blooming wild purple violets, white snowdrops, pink trillium, green and purple Jack-in-the-Pulpit,  and more: More than we can imagine as we say goodbye to another cruel, yet beautiful, winter.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

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Anamnesis

Anamnesis (an’-am-nee’-sis): Calling to memory past matters. More specifically, citing a past author [apparently] from memory.  Anamnesis helps to establish ethos [credibility], since it conveys the idea that the speaker is knowledgeable of the received wisdom from the past.

Maya Angelou tells us: “If we lose love and self respect for each other, this is how we finally die.”

Sadly, this quotation brings to mind what we’re struggling with about the Republican stance on healthcare.

It seems all too obvious that their healthcare plan is driven by a spirit of indifference, if not outright animosity, toward the people it is supposed to serve. “Love and self respect for each other” are absent.

That is, their healthcare proposals do not seem to be driven by a spirit of compassionate regard toward the sick, the financially strapped, and the elderly. Their rationale seems to be driven by a desire to propose and implement a plan that does more to increase, rather than decrease, human suffering–and “this is how [they] finally die.”

Let’s put “love and self respect for each other” back in play and come up with a plan that says “Compassion.”

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Gorgias has inserted the bracketed words [apparently] and [credibility].

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Quotation from Maya Angelou: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/mayaangelo131752.html?src=t_respect

 

Anaphora

Anaphora (an-aph’-o-ra): Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines.

Another day:  Impulsive Tweets at 6.00 am

Another day: No plans. No promises. No clues–just hints and veiled threats addressed to Syria, Russia, China, North Korea,  and Sesame Street.

Another day: another nightmare.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

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Anapodoton

Anapodoton (an’-a-po’-do-ton): A figure in which a main clause is suggested by the introduction of a subordinate clause, but that main clause never occurs.

Anapodoton is a kind of anacoluthon, since grammatical expectations are interrupted. If the expression trails off, leaving the subordinate clause incomplete, this is sometimes more specifically called anantapodotonAnapodoton has also named what occurs when a main clause is omitted because the speaker interrupts himself/herself to revise the thought, leaving the initial clause grammatically unresolved but making use of it nonetheless by recasting its content into a new, grammatically complete sentence.

When I made my 90,000 . . . Money makes the world go around, sometimes fast, sometimes slow, but always working away in the background and the foreground generating profits, losses, and break-even results.

If you can’t find a job . . . I couldn’t find a job so I started my own business. I’ve been selling lab equipment to “entrepreneurs” who live in mobile homes on the outskirts of towns across the Southern regions of the USA.

It’s kind of funny, but they all have in common that they pay cash and have skinny bodies and bad teeth. I often wonder what they use the lab equipment for, but I don’t want to know–ever! I just assume they are some kind of scientists. Maybe they all have Federal grants to find a cure for cancer or or save the coral reefs.

But, like I said: It’s non of my business!

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Anastrophe

Anastrophe (an-as’-tro-phee): Departure from normal word order for the sake of emphasis. Anastrophe is most often a synonym for hyperbaton, but is occasionally referred to as a more specific instance of hyperbaton: the changing of the position of only a single word.

I am looking for my mind of peace. Things are so hectic since we opened it seems like my brain is being beaten by an egg beater, and I get hardly any sleep.

Whose idea was it to stay open 24-7? Probably mine out of a lack of experience and a strong dose of greed–it’s in my DNA. Damn

Let’s go back to the drawing board and try to figure out a reasonable business model–one that won’t wear us away before we’ve even had time to get a sense of whether we’ve got a winner here.

Let’s meet in the back room tonight.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Anesis

Anesis (an’-e-sis): Adding a concluding sentence that diminishes the effect of what has been said previously. The opposite of epitasis.

You have an amazing collection of handbags. Nearly every brand–none of them hardly used at all. So many colors, textures and materials–from formal to informal and everything in between! It must’ve taken you a decade to pull it together.

But

It’s a shame that you don’t have anything made in USA. I don’t care what the rationale may be: it’s a huge gap that diminishes the value of your entire collection.

You better get out there and find some representative handbags that are made in the USA. It shouldn’t be much of a challenge–that’s part of the reason why their absence yells “incomplete collection.”

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.edu.byu)

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Antanaclasis

Antanaclasis (an’-ta-na-cla’-sis): The repetition of a word or phrase whose meaning changes in the second instance.

I can’t stomach your stomach any more! When we first met you were slim and trim–you looked like a Greek God. Now, you look like a bloated Greek gyro.

For some reason you seem to be proud of your protrusion. Well, it does not make me feel proud to be with you out in public.

I hope you’re willing to do something about your overeating so we can cruise into the future together–I just don’t want to worry about having to give you CPR at some point, call 911, or listen to your so-called “friends” call you fatty names behind your back.

I’m not tired of loving you, but I do actually get tired defending you, worrying about you, and worrying about us.

For our relationship’s sake, please do something about your weight.

If you bring your dimensions back to where they were when we first met, there will be positive dimensions added back to our relationship that will benefit us both!

Just let me know how I can help. Together, we can do it!

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Antanagoge

Antanagoge (an’-ta-na’-go-gee): Putting a positive spin on something that is nevertheless acknowledged to be negative or difficult.

Well, here we are by the side of the road with a flat tire. AAA says they’ll be here in about 45 minutes.

I know we’re stuck! But we’re stuck together–all of us in the same place at once. Let’s use this together time to talk about Josie’s upcoming wedding. It’s a great time to at least start our conversation.

Again, let’s use this time to do something worthwhile–it’s something we’ve been putting off ever since they announced to us that their marriage is looming on the horizon. Betty, what do you think?

How can we undermine Josie’s plans to marry that idiot?

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Antenantiosis

Antenantiosis  (an’-ten-an’-ti-os’-is): See litotes. (Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite. The Ad Herennium author suggests litotes as a means of expressing modesty [downplaying one’s accomplishments] in order to gain the audience’s favor [establishing ethos]).

I’m not worthy! There is no way I deserve an award for my acting in that movie.

This is a total shock!

BUT

I accept your award with humble gratitude and deep regard for your choice. I respect your judgment, and even though I don’t think I deserve it, I will cherish this award for the rest of my life. It means a lot to me–more than you’ll ever know.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Anthimeria

Anthimeria (an-thi-mer’-i-a): Substitution of one part of speech for another (such as a noun used as a verb).

Let’s truck those apples to market before they start turning brown!

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Anthypophora

Anthypophora (an’-thi-po’-phor-a): A figure of reasoning in which one asks and then immediately answers one’s own questions (or raises and then settles imaginary objections). Reasoning aloud. Anthypophora sometimes takes the form of asking the audience or one’s adversary what can be said on a matter, and thus can involve both anacoenosis and apostrophe.

We need a new President! Democrat? Libertarian? Green Party?

I didn’t include Republican. Why? I know where that would take us. Don’t you know where we’ve been so far? On a hell ride from outer space.

Trump’s Executive Orders are like a string of nightmares scaring America. But, it’s not just about Trump, it’s about the entire Republican party. For example, their health care bill is like something planned to cull the weak and sick from America’s citizenry. What is it worth? Nothing but pointed criticism.

I am anxiously awaiting the visit of China’s President. Let’s hope some tangible good comes of it.

I’m not optimistic.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

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Antimetabole

Antimetabole (an’-ti-me-ta’-bo-lee): Repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order.

Troubles are problems! Problems are troubles! No problems, no troubles. No troubles, no problems.

But so much of contemporary life in the USA is just one big troubling problem, especially with current Presidential politics.

What seems like every day, there is at least one Executive Order signed by President Trump that dismantles common sense and undermines compassion and is solely premised on the power of the Presidential pen: the power to erase each and every vestige of the policies enacted by Obama during his Presidency.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

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Antimetathesis

Antimetathesis (an-ti-me-ta’-the-sis): Inversion of the members of an antithesis.

You are big.

You are small.

Big and small. Small and big.

Your belly hangs over your pants–so big!

Your conscience can dance on the head of pin–so small.

Big body. Tiny soul.

You need help. A good diet and exercise program will help your body. Maybe psychological counseling will help your soul.

Please let me know if there is anything I can do to help!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Antiprosopopoeia

Antiprosopopoeia (an-ti-pro-so-po-pe’-i-a): The representation of persons [or other animate beings] as inanimate objects. This inversion of prosopopoeia or personification can simply be the use of a metaphor to depict or describe a person [or other animate being].

A: Hey Weedwhacker!  How’s the landscaping business going?

B: Come on, my name is Edward–I’m not a piece of lawn maintenance equipment!

A:  Ha! Ha! Weedwhacker has a first name! Hey Edward Weedwhacker, how’s the landscaping business going?

B: I got your weedwhacker–and you’re a big fat weed. Get over there against the fence! Right now! Pull up your pants legs or I’ll shove this weedwhacker into your face.

A: Ok. Ok.

Ow! Ow! Hell! What’re you doing? Ow! No! No! My ankles are bleeding! Stop it! Pleeeeease!

B: What’s my name?

A: Edward. Edward. Edward. Your name is Edward. Edward!

B: Very good Weeny Weed-head. I’ve got to get back to work now. Please don’t ever bother me again when I’m on the job. You’re lucky I didn’t mow you.

A: OK Edward, I get the message, but I’m going to have you arrested.

What’s that?

B: Hedge clippers. But, in your case, we’ll call them head clippers.

A: I promise, I won’t have you arrested! I swear. Get away from me!

No . . . !

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu). Bracketed text added by Gorgias.

 

Antirrhesis

Antirrhesis (an-tir-rhee’-sis): Rejecting reprehensively the opinion or authority of someone.

Why do I hear “quack, quack, quack” when you start talking about climate change? Do you really think the white lab coat you’re wearing gives you any credibility? Maybe, if you’re playing Ken & Barbie and you’re modeling Ken’s Halloween costume, it would work to afford you some credibility, but only as Dr. Barbie’s bumbling sidekick Prof. Hoax.

As far as being a ‘real’ scientist goes, the white coat’s not enough–especially when you start talking about so-called “natural” forces as the cause of climate change, rather than human agency.  The ‘natural forces’ you cite are humanly induced effects first, and secondarily, causes of bad things: like melting polar icecaps, flooding Pacific islands, destruction of coral reefs, wildfires, etc.

The only positive thought I have whenever I hear you speak is that it is your Constitutional right to do so. That’s after I yell “boo!” at you and wonder once again, who the hell is paying you to fill peoples’ heads with lies and nonsense. In short, who’s the evil rich person buying the bullshit you’re selling? Who?

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Definition courtesy of Silva Rhetoricae (rhetoric.byu.edu)

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Antisagoge

Antisagoge (an-tis-a-go’-gee): 1. Making a concession before making one’s point (=paromologia); 2. Using a hypothetical situation or a precept to illustrate antithetical alternative consequences, typically promises of reward and punishment.

1. I know I’m not the smartest person in the world, but it does not take a genius to drive a school bus. It takes a spotless driving record, a sense of direction, an abundance of patience, consistent promptness, and genuine concern for the kids’ well being.

I’m blessed with all four of those attributes!  Whoops. I mean all five of those attributes.

Do I get the job?

2. So you want a pet turtle. Ok, but on one condition: Neither I nor your father will have anything to do with it.

But now, imagine this: You’ve been invited to go snowboarding for the weekend. You plan on being gone for 3 nights and 2 days.

As you’re packing in your room, your turtle looks up at you with his little beady black eyes. Already, the lettuce you gave him for breakfast is turning brown. His water is hosting an armada of little turtle poops, is starting to smell like rotten eggs, and may be brewing a batch of salmonella.

How are you going to make sure your turtle gets fed and has clean water to paddle around in?

It comes down to this: Either you stay home and take care of the turtle and the turtle continues to flourish, or you go snowboarding and let the little guy possibly die. What will it be: take care of turtle or go on snowboarding trip?

You can’t realistically go snowboarding and take care of the turtle (unless you get one of your so-called friends to help–which, given your friends, is a very remote possibility).

Given that some version of this dilemma will happen over and over, I think, for you, not being tied down by a turtle is your best option.

In summary:

No turtle=go snowboarding for the weekend. Have turtle=stay home for the weekend.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Antistasis

Antistasis (an-ti’-sta-sis): The repetition of a word in a contrary sense. Often, simply synonymous with antanaclasis.

You should be sorry for being such a sorry example of parenting. Some people shine at parenting, you can’t even shine your grubby-looking shoes.

Don’t you think you embarrass our children? Ned does not to be seen in public with you. Nel wants to divorce us. I don’t know if it’s legal, but she says she’s going to try.

Put down the beer. Take a shower. Brush your teeth. Put on some deodorant. Comb your hair. Change your underwear. Try shaving for God’s sake!

Bottom line: change your act or my next act will be starting proceedings toward a divorce.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Antisthecon

Antisthecon (an-tis’-the-con): Substitution of one sound, syllable, or letter for another within a word. A kind of metaplasm: the general term for changes to word spelling.

Your proposals are a bunch Coop doop! Your ideas are like little pellets shot out of a rabbit’s butt and stuck in the wire mesh floor of your muddled brain’s imagination.

Get a life. Find a purpose. Bad ideas are bad ideas–just because you support them Donny, it does not make them worthy of my vote, or anybody else’s for that matter. You are not a King or a Dictator.

You should consider getting out of politics before it’s too late.  You should get back to plastering your name on anything anybody will pay for. I know there’s a damarama ding-dong landfill somewhere that should have your name on it. After all, it seems you have an affinity for making garbage and talking trash!

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Trump Dump–A familiar smell?

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

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Antithesis

Antithesis (an-tith’-e-sis): Juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas (often, although not always, in parallel structure).

I look up and you look down. I look down and you look up.

In our antithetical gazes do we contradict each other or do we compliment each other? And what’s between us? What’s between your up and my down, my up and your down?

What’s between us is us.

There is no other place for us to be: we are created between the oppositions and may recognize and work out our juxtaposed differences there–where, perhaps, up and down set the limits of our individual and unique identities, and in the in-between-space, the differences are a platform that we jump from into the fields of us–we lose me and you. We take mutual responsibility for what we do in between the opposites, what we make here is us.

Blame evaporates in our shared space, where together we constitute our quality of life on the foundation of us: not you, not me, but US.

Who is to blame? We are to blame.

Who should be praised? We should be praised.

Who should be pitied? Maybe you and me, but not us!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Antitheton

Antitheton (an-tith’-e-ton): A proof or composition constructed of contraries. Antitheton is closely related to and sometimes confused with the figure of speech that juxtaposes opposing terms, antithesis. However, it is more properly considered a figure of thought (=Topic of Invention: Contraries [a topic of invention in which one considers opposite or incompatible things that are of the same kind (if they are of different kinds, the topic of similarity / difference is more appropriate). Because contraries occur in pairs and exclude one another, they are useful in arguments because one can establish one’s case indirectly, proving one’s own assertion by discrediting the contrary]).

Good and evil. Darkness and light. No middle ground. A site of choice-making that makes choosing easy. But, if we don’t find an in-between to complicate our choice-making we run the risk of being blinded to what amounts to a chasm between either/or as we fail to bridge it with compromise. We must co-create a measure of shared hope borne on a joint project undertaken in a spirit of moderation well-suited to democracy’s messiness and freedom’s fields of fallibility.

Reject the binary pairs, roll up your sleeves, and rejoice in the working through of differences undertaken in the space between extremes.

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Definitions courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).