Tag Archives: The Daily Trope

Paraprosdokian

Paraprosdokian: a figure of speech in which the latter part of a sentence or phrase [or series = anticlimax] is surprising or unexpected in a way that causes the reader or listener to reframe the first part. . . . For this reason, it is extremely popular among comedians and satirists. An especially clever paraprosdokian not only changes the meaning of an early phrase, but also plays on the double meaning of a particular word.(1)

If at first you don’t succeed, find something easier to do.

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1. “Paraprosdokian.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 4 Jan 2008, 03:30 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 9 Jan 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraprosdokian>.

Effictio

Effictio (ef-fik’-ti-o): A verbal depiction of someone’s body, often from head to toe.

Note: This figure was used in forensic rhetoric for purposes of clearly identifying an alleged criminal. It has often been adapted to poetical uses.

He had spiky yellow-gray hair with a red stripe running through it. His big blue eyes were bloodshot.  He was skinny, slumped, and dressed in a black t-shirt with a big leering skull on it, torn blue jeans, and dull black boots. He had an empty styrofoam cup in his shaking hand. He pushed it at me as I walked toward him.”Spare change?”

His scratchy voice sounded familiar.

Unbelievable! My best buddy from high school–class of 1998!  He didn’t recognize me. I barely recognized him. He looked right through me. I hauled out my wallet and . . .

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Auxesis

Auxesis (ok-see’-sis): (1) Arranging words or clauses in a sequence of increasing force. In this sense, auxesis is comparable to climax and has sometimes been called incrementum.  (2) A figure of speech in which something is referred to in terms disproportionately large (a kind of exaggeration or hyperbole). (3) Amplification in general.

(1) I am worried by the fact that he’s running for office. I am frightened by the possibility that he may win the primary. I am terrified by what may happen if he actually gets elected.

(2) I love that little deli–they put a million slices of corned beef on their reubens!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Eutrepismus

Eutrepismus (eu-tre-pis’-mus): Numbering and ordering the parts under consideration. A figure of division, and of ordering.

Talk about rhetoric often attempts to denigrate rhetoric. This is deeply ironic.  That is, talk about rhetoric that advances a judgment of rhetoric is itself a rhetorical act! For example, we’ve all probably heard these two put-downs (or variations): (1) Stop the rhetoric and get to the reality; and (2) That’s just a lot of rhetoric.

Let’s take a closer look at the first put-down . . .

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Acrostic

Acrostic: When the first letters of successive lines are arranged either in alphabetical order (= abecedarian) or in such a way as to spell a word.

Too many ideas are floated in public without appropriate forethought.

Reckless assertion-making makes the future even more uncertain.

Useless information fogs and obscures the rhetorical landscape.

Time and time again I waste time rummaging for facts in the media clutter.

How many crazy, nutty, silly ways can

truth

be moved from the

center

to the

margin?

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Antitheton

Antitheton (an-tith’-e-ton): A proof or composition constructed of contraries. Antitheton is closely related to and sometimes confused with the figure of speech that juxtaposes opposing terms, antithesis. However, it is more properly considered a figure of thought (=Topic of Invention: Contraries [a topic of invention in which one considers opposite or incompatible things that are of the same kind (if they are of different kinds, the topic of similarity / difference is more appropriate). Because contraries occur in pairs and exclude one another, they are useful in arguments because one can establish one’s case indirectly, proving one’s own assertion by discrediting the contrary]).

While noteworthy acts of great courage may shorten one’s life to a sweet unregretful end, noteworthy acts of great cowardice may lengthen one’s life to a bitter regretful end.

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Definitions courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Bdelygmia

Bdelygmia (del-ig’-mi-a): Expressing hatred and abhorrence of a person, word, or deed.

How I hate a cheater–the dissembler, the seducer, the subject of unwarranted praise: the perfect counterfeit of a perfect person!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Aphaeresis

Aphaeresis (aph-aer’-e-sis): The omission of a syllable or letter at the beginning of a word. A kind of metaplasm.

We had roasted Cornish ens for dinner last night. [ens for hens]

Or:

We cycled up the hill to the water tower to watch the sunset. [cycled for bicycled]

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Antistasis

Antistasis (an-ti’-sta-sis): The repetition of a word in a contrary sense. Often, simply synonymous with antanaclasis.

It’s better to order your finances than to order more stuff on the Internet!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Anapodoton

Anapodoton (an’-a-po’-do-ton): A figure in which a main clause is suggested by the introduction of a subordinate clause, but that main clause never occurs.

Anapodoton is a kind of anacoluthon, since grammatical expectations are interrupted. If the expression trails off, leaving the subordinate clause incomplete, this is sometimes more specifically called anantapodoton. Anapodoton has also named what occurs when a main clause is omitted because the speaker interrupts himself/herself to revise the thought, leaving the initial clause grammatically unresolved but making use of it nonetheless by recasting its content into a new, grammatically complete sentence.

If you think Iowa killed my chances to make it all the way–if you think my one loss is every other candidate’s gain–well let me remind you of a thing or two, or three, or four . . .

Or:

There are many ways to deal with global warming–I can’t imagine that anybody wants to see their coastlines flooded–let’s not let another year go by without joining the international community and devoting our fair share of resources to reasonable efforts–to developing and implementing plans and policies–that will heal our planet.

Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

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Synaloepha

Synaloepha (sin-a-lif’-a): Omitting one of two vowels which occur together at the end of one word and the beginning of another. A contraction of neighboring syllables. A kind of metaplasm.

Let’s all go ‘nside th’ atrium.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Epenthesis

Epenthesis (e-pen’-thes-is): The addition of a letter, sound, or syllable to the middle of a word. A kind of metaplasm.

Note: Epenthesis is sometimes employed in order to accommodate meter in verse; sometimes, to facilitate easier articulation of a word’s sound. It can, of course, be accidental, and a vice of speech.

That pumpkin pie was de-whizzy-licious!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Paragogoe

Paragoge (par-a-go’-ge): The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word. A kind of metaplasm.

I like your trucky.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Aganactesis

Aganactesis (ag’-an-ak-tee’-sis): An exclamation proceeding from deep indignation.

Your lies, phony excuses, insincerity, and all-around disgusting failure to meet the basic expectations set for honesty, openness, and due diligence in any position of leadership, let alone yours, prompts me and everybody else with a conscience to call for your immediate resignation. Liar! Fool! Fake! Step down! Get out! Go home!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Metaplasm

Metaplasm (met’-a-plazm): A general term for orthographical figures (changes to the spelling of words). This includes alteration of the letters or syllables in single words, including additions, omissions, inversions, and substitutions. Such changes are considered conscious choices made by the artist or orator for the sake of eloquence or meter, in contrast to the same kinds of changes done accidentally and discussed by grammarians as vices (see barbarism). See: antisthecon, aphaeresis, apocope, epenthesis (example below: the addition of a letter, sound, or syllable to the middle of a word), paragoge, synaloepha.

Metaplasms are fanlastastic!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Mesarchia

Mesarchia (mes-ar’-chi-a): The repetition of the same word or words at the beginning and middle of successive sentences.

I was their leader, after all, and I was true to their cause. I was their hope, after all, and their hope was a treasure that was made safe by our dream. I was their inspiration, after all, and together we made the world a better place; we rejoiced in the spirit of our dream’s fulfillment. I was, after all, theirs–all theirs.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Epexegesis

Epexegesis (ep-ex-e-ge’-sis): When one interprets what one has just said. A kind of redefinition or self-interpretation (often signaled by constructions such as “that is to say…”).

This is going to be a lot more difficult than we expected–that is to say, we’re going to have to outsource at least six key functions in order to get the job done.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Euphemismus

Euphemismus (eu-phe-mis’-mus): Substituting a more favorable for a pejorative or socially delicate term.

With deep sadness, I must tell you all, that this morning at 6:45, our beloved friend and mentor went on to a better place.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Colon

Colon (ko’-lon): Roughly equivalent to “clause” in English, except that the emphasis is on seeing this part of a sentence as needing completion, either with a second colon (or membrum) or with two others (forming a tricolon). When cola (or membra) are of equal length, they form isocolon.

Colon or membrum is also best understood in terms of differing speeds of style that depend upon the length of the elements of a sentence. The Ad Herennium author contrasts the slower speed of concatenated membra to the quicker speed of words joined together without conjunction (articulus).

Upon returning home, first, I hung my coat in the closet, and then, I turned up the heat.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Apothegm

Apothegm (a’-po-th-e-gem): One of several terms describing short, pithy sayings. Others include adage, gnome, maxim, paroemia, proverb, and sententia.

“One of these days is none of these days.”

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

 

Maxim

Maxim (max’-im): One of several terms describing short, pithy sayings. Others include adage, apothegm, gnome, paroemia, proverb, and sententia.

“Where the river is deepest it makes the least sound.”

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Paroemia

Paroemia (pa-ri’-mi-a): One of several terms describing short, pithy sayings. Others include adage, apothegm, gnome, maxim, proverb, and sententia.

“It’s hard to make a comeback when you haven’t been anywhere.”

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).

Gnome

Gnome (nome or no’mee): One of several terms describing short, pithy sayings. Others include adage, apothegm, maxim, paroemia, proverb, and sententia.

Liars are the loneliest people in the world.

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Proverb

Proverb: One of several terms describing short, pithy sayings. Others include adage, apothegm, gnome, maxim, paroemia, and sententia.

Pride only breeds quarrels, but wisdom is found in those who take advice. (Prov. 13:10 [NIV])

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)

Ecphonesis

Ecphonesis (ec-pho-nee’-sis): An emotional exclamation.

Wow! What a beautiful day!

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Definition courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu)