Expeditio (ex-pe-di’-ti-o): After enumerating all possibilities by which something could have occurred, the speaker eliminates all but one (=apophasis). Although the Ad Herennium author lists expeditio as a figure, it is more properly considered a method of argument [and pattern of organization] (sometimes known as the “Method of Residues” when employed in refutation), and “Elimination Order” when employed to organize a speech. [The reference to ‘method’ hearkens back to the Ramist connection between organizational patterns of discourses and organizational pattern of arguments]).
Was it a bird? A plane? A speeding locomotive? Was it my neighbor Ed running wild in his back yard wearing a spa towel?
It wasn’t a bird. It had no feathers and was firmly on the ground. It wasn’t a plane. It was firmly on the ground too and it had no propellers or jet engines. Speeding locomotive? Where the hell did I get that idea from? My thinking was scaring me, but I knew it came from my boyhood obsession with Superman—the caped crusader for truth, justice and the American way. Whenever I was unsure of what I was observing, I laid out the bird, plane, and speeding locomotive options. They brought me comfort, relaxing my mind and making it more likely I would draw a seemingly well-considered conclusion, even if it was wrong or insane, or worse.
In the case above, it was in fact Ed running wild in his back yard in his spa towel. He says the towel reminds him of his Scottish heritage—it’s like a kilt with an elastic waistband and Velcro closeure without any plaid. He got a number of different colors and wears them everywhere, even in the winter. It snows a lot where we live and he looks really crazy on snowshoes wearing a baby-blue spa towel trudging through the snow. I don’t know where his spa towel fetish comes from—definitely not his Scottish heritage—he’s of Italian lineage.
I think it started with him flashing the cleaning ladies when he was sitting by his swimming pool. He’d face his house with the towel on and spread his legs and jiggle his junk. The cleaners would stop their work to watch out the back window. Their supervisor admonished him and banned the spa towel. This really irked Ed, but he went along with the ban. Now, he wears the towel grocery shopping and has developed a technique that makes it looks like it got caught on the shopping cart and falls off on the floor. It works like a charm and he’s never been arrested for exposing himself. He’s working on a routine now where his dog Butch pulls off the towel when he’s walking him in the park. In a way Ed reminds me of Superman with his persistence and strength of character. It’s not good character, but it’s strong character.
Uh oh. There’s something coming up my driveway. Is it a bird? Is it a plane? Is it a speeding locomotive? Or is it a Jehovah’s Witness? It wasn’t a bird. It had no feathers and was firmly on the ground. It wasn’t a plane. It was firmly on the ground too and it had no propellers or jet engines. Speeding locomotive? Where the hell did I get that idea from? It had to be a Jehovah’s Witness! The door bell rang. I hid in the basement and cleaned off my workbench, hoping he would go away. I went upstairs after about 10 minutes. There was pounding on my door. A voice said “I can see you.” Maybe it was Superman posing as a man of Christ, looking through my door with his X-ray vision. No. No way! Not Superman!
I called 911 and waited for the police to arrive.
Definitions courtesy of “Silva Rhetoricae” (rhetoric.byu.edu).
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